1. Nhazi na ihe ndị bụ isi nke gas mkpofu agba ịgba
A na-ejikarị usoro eserese eme ihe n'igwe, ụgbọala, ngwa eletriki, ngwa ụlọ, ụgbọ mmiri, arịa ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
Ihe e ji agba agba —— agba ahụ nwere ihe na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe na ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ naghị agbanwe agbanwe, gụnyere ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri enyemaka, a na-eji ihe na-eme ka agba ahụ dị nro ma mara mma.
Usoro ịgba agba na-emepụtakarị alụlụ agba na mmetọ gas mkpofu organic, agba n'okpuru nrụgide dị elu n'ime ihe ndị ahụ, mgbe a na-agba ya, akụkụ nke agba ahụ eruteghị n'elu mmiri ahụ, gbasaa na ikuku ikuku iji mepụta alụlụ agba; gas mkpofu organic sitere na mgbanwe nke mmiri mmiri, ihe mgbaze organic adịghị ejikọta ya na elu agba ahụ, agba na usoro ọgwụgwọ ga-ewepụta gas mkpofu organic (a kọrọ na ọtụtụ narị ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe organic, n'otu n'otu bụ alkane, alkanes, olefin, ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ, mmanya, aldehyde, ketones, ester, ether, na ihe ndị ọzọ).
2. Isi mmalite na njirimara nke gas ikuku na-ekupụ ihe mkpuchi ụgbọala
Ụlọ ọrụ eserese ụgbọala kwesịrị ime nhazi agba tupu e jiri ya, iji electrophoresis na agba fesa agba n'elu ihe e ji arụ ọrụ. Usoro agba gụnyere eserese fesa, ịgba mmiri na ịkpọ nkụ, n'ime usoro ndị a, a ga-emepụta gas mkpofu organic (VOCs) na ịgba mmiri fesa, yabụ usoro ndị a kwesịrị ịgbasa ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu n'ime ụlọ agba.
(1) Gas mkpofu sitere na ụlọ ịgba agba
Iji nọgide na-enwe ebe ọrụ nke ịgba mmiri, dịka iwu nke Iwu Nchekwa na Ahụike Ọrụ si dị, a ga-agbanwe ikuku mgbe niile n'ime ụlọ ịgba mmiri, a ga-achịkwa ọsọ mgbanwe ikuku n'ime oke (0.25~1) m/s. Isi ihe mejupụtara gas ikuku bụ ihe mgbaze organic nke agba ịgba mmiri, ihe ndị bụ isi ya bụ hydrocarbons na-esi ísì ụtọ (hydrocarbon atọ benzene na nke na-abụghị methane), alcohol ether, ester organic solvent, n'ihi na olu ikuku nke ụlọ ịgba mmiri dị oke ukwuu, yabụ mkpokọta gas mkpofu organic ewepụtara dị obere, na-abụkarị ihe dị ka 100 mg/m3. Na mgbakwunye, ikuku ikuku nke ụlọ agba na-enwekarị obere obere ajị agba agba a na-agwọghị nke ọma, ọkachasị ụlọ ịgba mmiri akọrọ, ajị agba na ikuku ikuku, nwere ike ịbụ ihe mgbochi maka ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu, ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu aghaghị ịbụ ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo.
(2) Gas mkpofu sitere na ụlọ nkụcha
Agba ihu mgbe a gbasasịrị ya tupu ọ kpọọ nkụ, ịchọrọ ịgbasa ikuku, mmiri mmiri agba ihe mgbaze organic n'ime usoro ịkpọ nkụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, iji gbochie ihe mberede mgbawa nke ihe mgbaze organic n'ime ụlọ, ikuku kwesịrị ịdị na-aga n'ihu, gbanwee ọsọ ikuku na-achịkwa ihe dị ka 0.2 m/s, nhazi nke ihe mgbaze na nhazi nke ihe mgbaze ụlọ agba, mana ọ nweghị agba, mkpokọta gas mkpofu organic karịa ụlọ ịgba, dịka olu nke ihe mgbaze si dị, n'ozuzu ya na mkpokọta gas mkpofu ihe dị ka ugboro abụọ n'ime ụlọ ịgba ihe, nwere ike iru 300 mg/m3, nke a na-agwakọtakarị na ihe mgbaze ụlọ ịgba ihe mgbe emechara ọgwụgwọ etiti. Na mgbakwunye, ọdọ mmiri agba, na agba elu, mmiri mmiri nsị mmiri kwesịrị ịpụpụta gas mkpofu organic yiri ya.
(3)Dgas na-ekpo ọkụ
Ihe mejupụtara gas mkpofu nkụ dị mgbagwoju anya karịa, na mgbakwunye na ihe mgbaze organic, akụkụ nke plasticizer ma ọ bụ resin monomer na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, mana ọ nwekwara ngwaahịa mmebi okpomọkụ, ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume. Igwe praịma Electrophoretic na ụdị ihe mgbaze topcoat nkụ nwere mwepụ gas ikuku, mana ihe mejupụtara ya na ọdịiche dị ukwuu n'ime ya.
※Ihe ize ndụ nke gas ikuku na-agba agba:
A maara site na nyocha ahụ na gas mkpofu sitere na ụlọ ịgba mmiri, ụlọ nkụ, ụlọ ngwakọta agba na ụlọ ịsa mmiri agba elu nwere obere njupụta na nnukwu mmiri, ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ bụ hydrocarbons aromatic, alcohol ethers na ester organic solvents. Dịka "Ọkwa Mwepụ zuru oke maka Mmetọ Ikuku" si kwuo, njupụta nke gas mkpofu ndị a dị n'ime oke mmịpụta. Iji nagide ihe achọrọ maka ọnụego mmịpụta na ọkọlọtọ ahụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọala na-agbaso usoro mmịpụta elu dị elu. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro a nwere ike iru ụkpụrụ mmịpụta ugbu a, mana gas mkpofu ahụ bụ ihe a na-agwọghị nke ọma, na mkpokọta ihe ndị na-emerụ gas nke nnukwu ahịrị mkpuchi ahụ na-ewepụta nwere ike ịdị elu ruo narị tọn, nke na-akpata nnukwu mmerụ ahụ na ikuku.
Afụ ọnụ agba n'ime ihe mgbaze organic —— benzene, toluene, xylene bụ ihe mgbaze siri ike nke na-egbu egbu, na-arụ ọrụ n'ikuku n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ndị ọrụ mgbe ha kusịrị akụkụ iku ume nwere ike ibute nsi dị oke njọ na nke na-adịghị ala ala, nke na-akpatakarị mmebi nke sistemụ akwara etiti na hematopoietic, njupụta dị elu (ihe karịrị 1500 mg/m3) nke benzene vepo, nwere ike ibute anaemia aplastic, mgbe mgbe a na-eku ume obere njupụta nke benzene vepo nwekwara ike ibute agbọ agbọ, mgbaàmà akwara dị ka mgbagwoju anya.
※Nhọrọ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu maka agba na mkpuchi ịgba:
Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ụzọ ọgwụgwọ organic, a ga-atụle ihe ndị a n'ozuzu: ụdị na ntinye nke ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ organic, okpomọkụ na ọsọ mmiri nke organic, ọdịnaya nke ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ, na ọkwa njikwa ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ nke a ga-enweta.
1SEkpere agba n'ụlọ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ụlọ
Mmanụ anwụrụ ọkụ si n'ime ụlọ eserese, ụlọ nkụcha, ụlọ ngwakọta agba na ụlọ ịsacha mmiri mmiri elu bụ gas ikuku okpomọkụ ụlọ nke nwere obere njupụta na nnukwu mmiri, ihe mejupụtara ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ bụ hydrocarbons aromatic, mmanya na ethers na ester organic solvents. Dịka GB16297 "Ọkwa Mwepụ zuru oke maka Mmetọ Ikuku" si kwuo, oke gas mkpofu ndị a dị n'ime oke ikuku. Iji nagide ihe achọrọ maka ọnụego ikuku na ọkọlọtọ ahụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọala na-agbaso usoro nke ikuku ikuku dị elu. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro a nwere ike iru ụkpụrụ ikuku ikuku dị ugbu a, mana gas mkpofu a na-agwakọta n'ụzọ dị mfe na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ, na mkpokọta ihe ndị na-emerụ gas nke nnukwu eriri mkpuchi ahụ na-ewepụta nwere ike ịdị elu ruo narị tọn, nke na-akpata nnukwu mmerụ ahụ na ikuku.
Iji belata mmepụta nke ihe ndị na-emebi ikuku ikuku, enwere ike iji ọtụtụ ụzọ ọgwụgwọ gas ikuku ikuku jikọọ ọnụ maka ọgwụgwọ, mana ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ gas ikuku ikuku dị oke elu. Ugbu a, usoro mba ọzọ ka mma bụ ibu ụzọ tinye uche (na wiil adsorption-desorption iji tinye mkpokọta ihe dị ka ugboro 15), iji belata mkpokọta a ga-agwọ, wee jiri usoro mbibi gwọọ gas ikuku ikuku. E nwere ụzọ ndị yiri ya na China, nke mbụ na-eji usoro adsorption (carbon ma ọ bụ zeolite a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka adsorbent) maka obere mkpokọta, agba ikuku ... Iji belata mmetọ ọha na eze nke gas mkpofu mkpuchi, anyị kwesịkwara idozi nsogbu ahụ site na isi iyi, dịka iji iko rotary electrostatic na ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji melite ọnụego ojiji nke mkpuchi, mmepe nke mkpuchi dabere na mmiri na mkpuchi nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ.
2Dọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu
Ikpocha gas mkpofu bụ nke dị n'etiti na oke mkpokọta nke gas mkpofu okpomọkụ dị elu, nke dabara adaba maka ọgwụgwọ usoro ọkụ. Mmeghachi omume ọkụ ahụ nwere paramita atọ dị mkpa: oge, okpomọkụ, nsogbu, ya bụ, ọkụ nke ọnọdụ 3T. Arụmọrụ nke ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu bụ oke zuru oke nke mmeghachi omume ọkụ ma dabere na njikwa ọnọdụ 3T nke mmeghachi omume ọkụ. RTO nwere ike ijikwa okpomọkụ ọkụ (820~900℃) na oge ọnụnọ (1.0~1.2s), ma hụ na nsogbu dị mkpa (ikuku na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-agwakọta nke ọma), arụmọrụ ọgwụgwọ ruru 99%, ọnụego okpomọkụ mkpofu dịkwa elu, oriri ike ọrụ dịkwa ala. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọala Japan na Japan na China na-ejikarị RTO agwọ gas mkpofu nke nkụ (praịmarị, mkpuchi etiti, nkụ mkpuchi elu). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahịrị mkpuchi ụgbọ ala Dongfeng Nissan nke na-eji ọgwụgwọ RTO nke etiti nke mkpuchi nkụ gas mkpofu dị mma nke ukwuu, na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke iwu ikuku. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi nnukwu itinye ego na ngwa ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu RTO otu ugboro, ọ dịghị mma maka ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu na obere ikuku gas mkpofu.
Maka usoro mmepụta mkpuchi emechara, mgbe achọrọ ngwa ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ọzọ, enwere ike iji sistemụ ọkụ catalytic na sistemụ ọkụ okpomọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Sistemụ ọkụ catalytic nwere obere itinye ego na obere oriri ike ọkụ.
N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, iji / platinum dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali nwere ike ibelata okpomọkụ nke oxidizing ọtụtụ gas mkpofu organic ruo ihe dị ka 315℃. Enwere ike iji sistemụ ọkụ catalytic mee ihe maka ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu mkpofu, karịsịa maka ike nkụ site na iji oge ọkụ eletrik, nsogbu dị ugbu a bụ otu esi zere ọdịda nke nsị catalytic. Site na ahụmịhe nke ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ, maka gas mkpofu mkpofu mkpofu na agba elu, site na ịbawanye nzacha gas mkpofu na usoro ndị ọzọ, nwere ike ijide n'aka na ndụ nke catalytic ahụ dị afọ 3 ~ 5; gas mkpofu mkpofu mkpofu electrophoretic dị mfe ibute nsị catalytic, yabụ ọgwụgwọ nke agba mkpofu mkpofu electrophoretic kwesịrị ịkpachara anya site na iji ọkụ catalytic. N'usoro ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu na mgbanwe nke ahịrị mkpuchi ahụ ụgbọ ala azụmahịa Dongfeng, a na-eji usoro RTO agwọ gas mkpofu nke electrophoretic primer nkụ, a na-ejikwa usoro ọkụ catalytic gwọọ gas mkpofu nke agba elu, mmetụta ojiji dịkwa mma.
※Usoro ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ihe mkpofu:
A na-ejikarị usoro ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ ịgbasa ihe maka ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ụlọ, ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa, ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa, mmepụta ụgbọala na ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ 4S. Ugbu a, enwere ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ, dịka: usoro condensation, usoro absorption, usoro combustion, usoro catalytic, usoro adsorption, usoro bayọlọjik na usoro ion.
1. Wusoro ịgba ater + mmịpụta carbon na mwepụ na ọkụ + ọkụ catalytic
Iji ụlọ elu mmiri wepụ igirigi agba na ihe mmiri na-agbaze, mgbe nzacha kpọrọ nkụ gasịrị, na ngwaọrụ mmịpụta carbon a na-agbagharị agbagharị, dị ka mmịpụta carbon a na-agbagharị agbagharị, wee wepụ ya (usoro mmịpụta site na ịpụpụ steam, kpo oku eletriki, ịpụpụta nitrogen), mgbe ịpụpụ gas (mmịpụta ahụ mụbara ọtụtụ ugboro) site na ịpụpụ fan n'ime ngwaọrụ mmịpụta catalytic, ịpụpụ ya na carbon dioxide na mmiri, mgbe ịpụpụsịrị ya.
2. Wusoro mgbake ikuku ater + mgbanye carbon na-arụ ọrụ na mwepụ na mmiri + usoro mgbake mmiri
Iji ụlọ elu ịgbasa iji wepụ agba na ihe mmiri na-agbaze, mgbe nzacha kpọrọ nkụ gasịrị, na ngwaọrụ mgbasa carbon, dị ka mgbasa carbon emelitere zuru oke, wee si na ya pụta (usoro iwepụ ihe na mwepụ uzuoku, ikpo ọkụ eletrik, iwepụ nitrogen), mgbe emechara nhazi mgbasa gas mkpofu, gbakọta site na nkewa nke ihe organic bara uru. A na-eji usoro a maka ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu na nnukwu mkpokọta, obere okpomọkụ na obere olu ikuku. Mana usoro a, itinye ego dị elu na oriri ike, ọnụ ahịa ọrụ, gas ịgbasa agba "benzene atọ" na mkpokọta gas mkpofu ndị ọzọ na-adịkarị ala karịa 300 mg/m3, obere mkpokọta, nnukwu olu ikuku (ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta agba ụgbọ ala na-arụ ọrụ olu ikuku mgbe mgbe karịa 100000), na n'ihi na ihe mejupụtara ihe mgbaze organic nke mkpuchi ụgbọ ala, ihe mgbaze imegharị ihe siri ike iji, ọ dịkwa mfe imepụta mmetọ nke abụọ, yabụ mkpuchi na ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu anaghị eji usoro a eme ihe.
3. Wusoro nnabata gas aste
Enwere ike kewaa ihe mkpofu gas ọgwụgwọ agba nke a na-agba agba ụzọ abụọ: mmịpụta kemịkalụ na mmịpụta anụ ahụ, mana ọrụ kemịkalụ gas "benzene atọ" dị obere, anaghị eji mmịpụta kemịkalụ eme ihe. Mmiri ahụ na-amịpụta anụ ahụ anaghị amịpụta ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ na-amịkọrọkwa ihe ndị dị na ya nke ọma maka ikpo ọkụ, oyi na iji ya eme ihe maka inyocha mmịpụta saturation. A na-eji usoro a eme ihe maka mbufe ikuku, obere okpomọkụ, na obere njupụta. Ntinye ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, itinye ego buru ibu, nhọrọ nke mmiri mmịpụta siri ike karị, enwere mmetọ abụọ.
4. ANgwa ndọpụ carbon a na-arụ ọrụ + ngwa ojiji UV photocatalytic
(1): ozugbo site na mmịpụta kpọmkwem nke carbon nke gas organic, iji nweta ọnụego nhicha nke 95%, ngwa dị mfe, obere itinye ego, ọrụ dị mma, mana ọ dị mkpa ka a na-anọchi carbon nke a na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile, obere mkpokọta nke ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ, enweghị mgbake. (2) Usoro mmịpụta: gas organic na mmịpụta carbon nke a na-arụ ọrụ, mmịpụta ikuku carbon nke a na-arụ ọrụ na mmụgharị.
5.ANgwa plasma dị ala na-etinye carbon n'ọrụ + obere okpomọkụ
Mgbe emechara ka carbon absorption rụọ ọrụ mbụ, wee jiri obere okpomọkụ na-ahazi ngwa plasma na-emepụta gas mkpofu, ga-agwọ ọkọlọtọ nke mwepụ gas, usoro ion bụ iji plasma Plasma (ION plasma) mmebi nke gas mkpofu organic, wepụ isi ọjọọ, gbuo nje bacteria, nje virus, mee ka ikuku dị ọcha bụ ntụnyere mba ụwa dị elu, a na-akpọ ndị ọkachamara n'ụlọ na mba ofesi otu n'ime teknụzụ sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi anọ kachasị mkpa na narị afọ nke 21. Isi ihe dị na teknụzụ ahụ bụ site na mwepụta voltaji dị elu nke pulse medium block n'ụdị nnukwu ọnụọgụ oxygen ion na-arụ ọrụ (plasma), mmụba gas, na-emepụta ụdị radicals free niile na-arụ ọrụ, dị ka OH, HO2, O, wdg, benzene, toluene, xylene, ammonia, alkane na mmebi gas organic ndị ọzọ, oxidation na mmeghachi omume anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ dị mgbagwoju anya, na ngwaahịa na-abụghị ihe na-egbu egbu, zere mmetọ nke abụọ. Teknụzụ ahụ nwere njirimara nke obere oriri ike, obere oghere, ọrụ dị mfe na mmezi, ọ dịkwa mma karịsịa maka ọgwụgwọ nke gas dị iche iche.
Bnchịkọta rief:
Ugbua, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche n'ahịa, iji mezuo ụkpụrụ ọgwụgwọ mba na nke obodo, anyị na-ahọrọkarị ọtụtụ ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ejikọtara ọnụ iji gwọọ gas mkpofu ahụ, iji họrọ dịka usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ha si dị maka ọgwụgwọ.
Oge ozi: Disemba-28-2022
